Osteoporosis and Menopause

Bone health becomes an important focus during and after menopause. Estrogen plays a key role in maintaining bone density, and as estrogen levels decline, the rate of bone loss can accelerate. This can increase the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, conditions in which bones become weaker and more prone to fractures, particularly in the spine, hips, and wrists.

Many women are unaware that significant bone loss can occur in the years surrounding menopause. Factors such as genetics, low body weight, smoking, certain medications, and lack of weight-bearing exercise can further increase risk. Screening with bone density testing can help identify early bone loss before fractures occur.

Hormone therapy may help slow bone loss and support bone health in appropriate candidates, particularly when started near the time of menopause. Maintaining adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, engaging in weight-bearing and resistance exercise, and addressing overall health are also important strategies for protecting bone strength during midlife and beyond.